The effect of dietary folate on genomic and p53-specific DNA methylation in rat colon
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Folate is an important mediator in the transfer of methyl groups for DNA methylation, abnormalities of which are considered to play an important mechanistic role in colorectal carcinogenesis. This study investigated the time-dependent effects of dietary folate on genomic and p53 (in the promoter region and exons 6-7) DNA methylation in rat colon, and how these changes are related to steady-state levels of p53 transcript. Despite a marked reduction in plasma and colonic folate concentrations, a large increase in plasma homocysteine (an accurate inverse indicator of folate status), and a progressive decrease in colonic S-adenosylmethionine (SAM; the primary methyl donor for methylations) to S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH; a potent inhibitor of methylations) ratio, isolated folate deficiency did not induce significant genomic DNA hypomethylation in the colon. Paradoxically, isolated folate deficiency increased the extent of genomic DNA methylation in the colon at an intermediate time point (P = 0.022). Folate supplementation did not modulate colonic SAM, SAH and SAM to SAH ratios, and genomic DNA methylation at any time point. The extent of p53 methylation in the promoter and exons 6-7 was variable over time at each of the CpG sites examined, and no associations with time or dietary folate were observed at any CpG site except for site 1 in exons 6-7 at week 5. Dietary folate deprivation progressively decreased, whereas supplementation increased, steady-state levels of p53 transcript over 5 weeks (P < 0.05). Steady-state levels of p53 mRNA correlated directly with plasma and colonic folate concentrations (P = 0.41-0.49, P < 0.002) and inversely with plasma homocysteine and colonic SAH levels (r = -0.37-0.49, P < 0.006), but did not significantly correlates with either genomic or p53 methylation within the promoter region and exons 6-7. The data indicate that isolated folate deficiency, which significantly reduces steady-state levels of colonic p53 mRNA, is not associated with a significant degree of genomic or p53 DNA hypomethylation in rat colon. This implies that neither genomic or p53 hypomethylation within exons 6-7 nor aberrant p53 methylation within the promoter region is likely a mechanism by which folate deficiency enhances colorectal carcinogenesis in the rat.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".