AIDS Patient Death Caused by Novel<i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i>×<i>C</i>.<i>gattii</i>Hybrid
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Interspecies hybrids of Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii have only recently been reported.We describe a novel C. neoformans × C. gattii hybrid strain (serotype AB) that was previously described as C. gattii and that caused a lethal infection in an AIDS patient from Canada.C ryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii are pathogenic yeasts that may cause meningoencephalitis. C. neoformans primarily infects immunocompromised patients and occurs worldwide, whereas C. gattii primarily mainly infects otherwise healthy persons and has been thought to occur in subtropical regions (1-3).However, the recent outbreak of infection with C. gattii on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada (4), expansion of this outbreak to mainland Canada and the Pacifi c Northwest region of the United States (5), and identifi cation of C. gattii isolates in Europe (6) show that C. gattii can also occur in temperate climates.Molecular techniques can distinguish 7 haploid genotypic groups within C. neoformans and C. gattii (7-9; F. Hagen and T. Boekhout, unpub.data).Recently, 3 serotype BD C. neoformans var.neoformans × C. gattii hybrids were isolated from 2 HIV-negative patients in the Netherlands (10).We describe a novel C. neoformans var.grubii serotype A × C. gattii serotype B hybrid that was isolated from an HIV-positive person.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".