An empirical assessment of Gray's accounting value constructs
Why is this work in the frame?
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Full frame distilled prediction
Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
- Candidate categories
- none
- Consensus categories
- none
- Domain
- Candidate signal: noneConsensus signal: none
- Study design
- Candidate signal: ObservationalConsensus signal: Observational
- Genre
- Candidate signal: EmpiricalConsensus signal: Empirical
- Teacher disagreement score
- 0.068
- Threshold uncertainty score
- 0.700
- Validation status
machine_predicted_unvalidated·codex-gemma-dda1882f352a
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
- Teacher spread
- 0.282 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
- Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline· verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it
Abstract
Gray [Abacus (1988) 1] proposed a framework for a theory of cultural relevance in accounting. This renewed an interest in culture-related studies in international accounting. To date, much of this literature has been theoretical or subjectively descriptive because the elements constituting Gray's framework lack an operational foundation. This paper addresses this shortcoming by presenting research that operationalizes and evaluates the empirical usefulness of Gray's accounting subcultural value constructs of professionalism, uniformity, conservatism, and secrecy. The paper presents the results from an accounting values survey (AVS) administered to a sample of users and preparers of financial statements in New Zealand and India. The data are subjected to multivariate analysis, and the results provide some support for the usefulness of Gray's accounting values as empirically based classificatory constructs, although they may require some adaptation and reinterpretation. Professionalism appears as the most clearly defined construct and the elements of the uniformity construct also hold together well, although appearing to attract elements of the construct of secrecy. The part of the secrecy construct concerned with the level of detail in financial statements appears to be reasonably well defined by respondents to the survey and conservatism seems to fragment into two subdimensions, perhaps representing measurement and the disclosure aspects of that construct. A question arises as to the possible existence of other, as yet unrecognized, accounting-value constructs. The findings suggest the importance of further quantitative survey research of this type to investigate the relevance of cultural factors in understanding international accounting practices.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
The record
- Venue
- The International Journal of Accounting
- Topic
- Accounting and Organizational Management
- Field
- Business, Management and Accounting
- Canadian institutions
- Government of Ontario
- Funders
- not available
- Keywords
- Construct (python library)AccountingSecrecyGray (unit)AuditEmpirical researchAccounting researchReinterpretationRelevance (law)PsychologyBusinessComputer sciencePolitical scienceStatisticsMathematics
- Has abstract in OpenAlex
- yes