Mammalian Septins Are Required for Phagosome Formation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Septins are members of a highly conserved family of filamentous proteins that are required in many organisms for the completion of cytokinesis. In addition, septins have been implicated in a number of important cellular processes and have been suggested to have roles in regulating membrane traffic. Given the proposed role of septins in cell membrane dynamics, we investigated the function of septins during FcgammaR-mediated phagocytosis. We show that several septins are expressed in RAW264.7 and J774 mouse macrophage cell lines and that SEPT2 and SEPT11 are colocalized with submembranous actin-rich structures during the early stages of FcgammaR-mediated phagocytosis. In addition, SEPT2 accumulation is seen in primary human neutrophils and in nonprofessional phagocytes. The time course of septin accumulation mirrors actin accumulation and is inhibited by latrunculin and genistein, but not other inhibitors of phagocytosis. Inhibition of septin function by transient expression of the BD3 domain of BORG3, known to cause septin aggregation, or depletion of SEPT2 or SEPT11 by RNAi, significantly inhibited FcgammaR-mediated phagocytosis of IgG-coated latex beads. Interestingly, this occurred without affecting the accumulation of actin or the actin-associated protein coronin-1. These observations show that, although not necessary for actin recruitment, septins are required for efficient FcgammaR-mediated phagocytosis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".