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Soil Diversity and Hydration as Observed by ChemCam at Gale Crater, Mars
Pierre‐Yves Meslin, O. Gasnault, O. Forni, Susanne Schröder, A. Cousin, Gilles Berger, S. M. Clegg, J. Lasue, S. Maurice, V. Sautter, Stéphane Le Mouëlic, R. C. Wiens, C. Fabre, W. Goetz, D. L. Bish, N. Mangold, B. L. Ehlmann, N. Lanza, Ari‐Matti Harri, R. B. Anderson, E. B. Rampe, T. H. McConnochie, P. Pinet, D. L. Blaney, Richard Léveillé, D. Archer, B. L. Barraclough, Steve Bender, D. F. Blake, Jennifer G. Blank, N. T. Bridges, B. C. Clark, Lauren DeFlores, D. Delapp, Gilles Dromart, M. D. Dyar, Melany C. Fisk, B. Gondet, J. P. Grotzinger, K. E. Herkenhoff, J. R. Johnson, J.-L. Lacour, Y. Langevin, L. Leshin, É. Lewin, M. B. Madsen, N. Melikechi, Anthony Mezzacappa, M. Mischna, John E. Moores, H. Newsom, A. Ollila, R. Pérez, N. Rennó, Jean‐Baptiste Sirven, R. Tokar, M. de la Torre, L. d’Uston, D. T. Vaniman, Aileen Yingst, M. E. Minitti, David A. Cremers, J. F. Bell, Lauren Edgar, Jack D. Farmer, Austin Godber, M. Wadhwa, Danika Wellington, Ian McEwan, Claire Newman, M. I. Richardson, Antoine Charpentier, Laurent Péret, P. L. King, Gerald Weigle, M. E. Schmidt, Shuai Li, R. E. Milliken, Kevin M. Robertson, V. Z. Sun, Michael Baker, Christopher S. Edwards, Kenneth A. Farley, Jennifer Griffes, Hayden Miller, Megan Newcombe, Cedric Pilorget, M. S. Rice, K. L. Siebach, Katie Stack, Edward M. Stolper, Claude Brunet, V. Hipkin, Geneviève Marchand, Pablo Sobrón Sánchez, Laurent Favot, George D. Cody, A. Steele, Lorenzo Flückiger, David Lees, Ara Nefian, Mildred Martin, M. Gailhanou, Francès Westall, Guy Israël, Christophe Agard, Julien Baroukh, Christophe Donny, Alain Gaboriaud, Philippe Guillemot, Vivian Lafaille, Eric Lorigny, Alexis Paillet, M. Saccoccio, Charles Yana, Carlos Armiens‐Aparicio, Javier Rodríguez, Isaías Carrasco Blázquez, Felipe Gómez, Javier Gómez‐Elvira, Sebastian Hettrich, Alain Lepinette Malvitte, Mercedes Marín Jiménez, Jesús Martínez‐Frías, Javier Martín-Soler, Javier Martín‐Torres, Antonio Molina Jurado, Luis Mora‐Sotomayor, G. M. Muñoz, Sara Navarro López, Verónica Peinado-González, Jorge Pla-García, J. A. Rodríguez‐Manfredi, Julio José Romeral-Planelló, Sara Alejandra Sans Fuentes, Eduardo Sebastian Martinez, Roser Urqui-O’Callaghan, Steve Chipera, Patrick Mauchien, Heidi Manning, Alberto González Fairén, Alexander G. Hayes, J. Joseph, S. W. Squyres, Robert Sullivan, P. C. Thomas, Audrey Dupont, Angela Lundberg, Julia DeMarines, David Grinspoon, Günther Reitz, Benito Prats, Evgeny Atlaskin, Maria Genzer, Harri Haukka, Henrik Kahanpää, Janne Kauhanen, Mark Paton, Jouni Polkko, Walter Schmidt, Tero Siili, J. J. Wray, Mary Beth Wilhelm, Franck Poitrasson, Kiran Patel, Stephen Gorevan, Stephen Indyk, G. Paulsen, Sanjeev Gupta, Juergen Schieber, Claude Geffroy, David Baratoux, Alain Cros, Qiu-Mei Lee, E. Pallier, Yann Parot, Mike Toplis, W. Brunner, Ezat Heydari, Cherie Achilles, Dorothy Z. Oehler, B. Sutter, M. Cabane, David Coscia, Cyril Szopa, François Robert, Marion Nachon, A. Buch, Fabien Stalport, Patrice Coll, Pascaline François, F. Raulin, Samuel Teinturier, James F. Cameron, Robert Dingler, Stephen Johnstone, Cynthia Little, Tony Nelson, Richard B. Williams, Andrea Jones, Laurel Kirkland, A. H. Treiman, Burt Baker, Bruce Cantor, M. A. Caplinger, Scott Davis, Brian Duston, K. S. Edgett, Donald Fay, C. Hardgrove, David Harker, Paul Herrera, Elsa Jensen, M. R. Kennedy, Gillian Krezoski, Daniel Krysak, Leslie Lipkaman, M. C. Malin, Elaina McCartney, Sean McNair, Brian Nixon, Liliya Posiolova, M. A. Ravine, Andrew Salamon, Lee Saper, Kevin Stoiber, Kimberley Supulver, Jason Van Beek, Tessa Van Beek, Robert Zimdar, Katherine L. French, Karl Iagnemma, Kristen Miller, Roger Summons, F. Goesmann, S. F. Hviid, Micah Johnson, Matthew Lefavor, Eric Lyness, Elly Breves, C. I. Fassett, T. F. Bristow, David J. DesMarais, Laurence Edwards, R. M. Haberle, Tori Hoehler, Jeff Hollingsworth, Melinda Kahre, Leslie Keely, Christopher P. McKay, Lora Bleacher, W. B. Brinckerhoff, David S. Choi, P. G. Conrad, Jason P. Dworkin, Jennifer Eigenbrode, Melissa Floyd, Caroline Freissinet, James Garvin, D. P. Glavin, Daniel Harpold, Paul Mahaffy, David K. Martin, A. C. McAdam, Alexander A. Pavlov, E. Raaen, Michael D. Smith, J. C. Stern, Florence Tan, M. G. Trainer, Michael A. Meÿer, Arik Posner, Mary A. Voytek, Robert C. Anderson, A. D. Aubrey, L. W. Beegle, Alberto Behar, D. E. Brinza, F. J. Calef, L. E. Christensen, J. A. Crisp, Jason Feldman, Sabrina Feldman, Gregory J. Flesch, Joel Hurowitz, Insoo Jun, Didier Keymeulen, Justin Maki, John Michael Morookian, T. J. Parker, Betina Pavri, Marcel Schoppers, Aaron Sengstacken, John J. Simmonds, N. Spanovich, A. R. Vasavada, Christopher R. Webster, Albert Yen, Francis A. Cucinotta, J. H. Jones, D. W. Ming, Richard V. Morris, P. B. Niles, Thomas Nolan, Leon J. Radziemski, Daniel Berman, E. Noe Dobrea, R. M. E. Williams, K. W. Lewis, T. Cleghorn, Wesley T. Huntress, Gérard Manhès, Judy Hudgins, Timothy Olson, Noel Stewart, Philippe Sarrazin, J. A. Grant, Edward P. Vicenzi, Sharon A. Wilson, M. A. Bullock, Bent Ehresmann, V. E. Hamilton, Donald M. Hassler, Joseph Peterson, Scot Rafkin, Cary Zeitlin, F. Fedosov, Dmitry Golovin, Natalya Karpushkina, Alexander Kozyrev, M. L. Litvak, A. Malakhov, И. Г. Митрофанов, Maxim Mokrousov, Sergey Nikiforov, В. А. Прохоров, Anton Sanin, V. I. Tretyakov, A. Varenikov, Andrey Vostrukhin, R. N. Kuz’min, M. J. Wolff, S. M. McLennan, Oliver Botta, Darrell M. Drake, Keri Bean, M. T. Lemmon, S. P. Schwenzer, Ella Mae Lee, Robert Sucharski, J. J. Blanco, Miguel Ramos, Myung-Hee Kim, Charles Malespin, Ianik Plante, Jan‐Peter Müller, R. Navarro‐González, R. C. Ewing, W. V. Boynton, Robert Downs, Mike Fitzgibbon, Karl Harshman, Shaunna M. Morrison, William Dietrich, Onno Kortmann, M. C. Palucis, D. Y. Sumner, Amy M. Williams, G. W. Lugmair, Michael A. Wilson, David M. Rubin, B. Jakosky, T. Balić-Žunić, Jens Frydenvang, Jaqueline Kløvgaard Jensen, Kjartan Kinch, Asmus Koefoed, S. L. S. Stipp, R. Gellert, G. M. Perrett, Irina Pradler, Scott VanBommel, Samantha Jacob, Tobias Owen, Scott K. Rowland, Hannu Savijärvi, Eckart Boehm, Stephan Böttcher, S. Burmeister, Jingnan Guo, Jan Köhler, César Martín García, R. Mueller‐Mellin, R. F. Wimmer‐Schweingruber, John C. Bridges, M. Benna, H. B. Franz, Hannah Bower, Anna Brunner, Hannah Blau, Thomas Boucher, Marco Carmosino, S. K. Atreya, Harvey Elliott, Douglas Halleaux, N. O. Rennó, Michael Wong, Robert O. Pepin, Beverley Elliott, John Spray, Lucy Thompson, S. Gordon, Joshua Williams, Paulo Vasconcelos, Jennifer Bentz, Kenneth H. Nealson, Radu Popa, Linda C. Kah, J. Moersch, Christopher Tate, Mackenzie Day, Gary Kocurek, B. Hallet, R. S. Sletten, Raymond Francis, Emily McCullough, Ed Cloutis, I. L. ten Kate, R. E. Arvidson, A. A. Fraeman, Daniel Scholes, S. Slavney, Thomas Stein, Jennifer Ward, Jeffrey Berger
Bibliographic record
VenueScience · 2013
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicPlanetary Science and Exploration
Canadian institutionsYork UniversityCanadian Space Agency
FundersCentre National d’Etudes Spatiales
KeywordsMaficRegolithSoil waterAstrobiologyImpact craterAmorphous solidMars Exploration ProgramMartian surfaceMartianGeochemistryChemistryGeologyMineralogyEnvironmental chemistrySoil sciencePhysics
Abstract
The ChemCam instrument, which provides insight into martian soil chemistry at the submillimeter scale, identified two principal soil types along the Curiosity rover traverse: a fine-grained mafic type and a locally derived, coarse-grained felsic type. The mafic soil component is representative of widespread martian soils and is similar in composition to the martian dust. It possesses a ubiquitous hydrogen signature in ChemCam spectra, corresponding to the hydration of the amorphous phases found in the soil by the CheMin instrument. This hydration likely accounts for an important fraction of the global hydration of the surface seen by previous orbital measurements. ChemCam analyses did not reveal any significant exchange of water vapor between the regolith and the atmosphere. These observations provide constraints on the nature of the amorphous phases and their hydration.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.015
Threshold uncertainty score0.029
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.019
GPT teacher head0.193
Teacher spread0.174 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations268
Published2013
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes