Behaviour of a Moving Droplet under Electrowetting Actuation: Numerical Simulation
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Numerical simulation of droplet transport in microchannels under electrostatic actuation is investigated. Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) technique is employed, in which electrowetting effects are implemented through Lippmann's relation in the form of modified contact angles at the boundary. A velocity of about 35 mm/s is achieved with the actuation of 40 V. The droplet flow under electrowetting actuation is characterized for the majority of the process parameters such as actuation voltage, channel dimension, electrode size, and resultant velocity. On étudie la simulation numérique du transport de gouttelettes dans des microcanaux lors d'une actuation électrostatique. On emploie la technique des volumes de fluide (VOF), dans laquelle les effets de l'électromouillage sont introduits dans la relation de Lippmann sous la forme d'angles de contact modifiés à la frontière. Une vitesse d'environ 35 mm/s est atteinte avec une actuation de 40 V. L'écoulement des gouttelettes dans l'actuation électromouillante est caractérisé pour la majorité des paramètres de procédé, tels que le voltage d'actuation, la dimension des canaux, la taille des électrodes et la vitesse résultante.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it