Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dissipation rates ϵof turbulent kinetic energy and air bubble characteristics were observed within the wave‐enhanced near‐surface layer in the open ocean. During a period of well developed Langmuir circulation, short periods of increased air fraction and peak bubble radii <150μm at 2.5m, indicative of the instrumentation package drifting through convergence zones, coincide with significantly reduced dissipation rates. The rate of turbulence suppression correlates well with the buoyancy frequency inferred from the vertical gradient of air fraction. The Ozmidov scale and turbulent time scales associated with the bubble induced stratification are of O(0.5m) and O(20–60s), respectively. These stratification characteristics are consistent with the suppression of energy containing eddies close to the surface, which in turn results in reduced turbulent dissipation rates. Dissipation rates are observed to decay with depth following a power law ϵ ∝ zn, and n = −1, consistent with the theoretical value for constant stress layer scaling, is found within convergence zones, but n ≈ −3 outside.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".