Interleukin‐25 initiates Th2 differentiation of human CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells and influences expression of its own receptor
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Human CRTh2(+) Th2 cells express IL-25 receptor (IL-25R) and IL-25 has been shown to potentiate production of Th2 cytokines. However, regulation of IL-25R and whether it participates in Th2 differentiation of human cells have not been examined. We sought to characterize IL-25R expression on CD4(+) T cells and determine whether IL-25 plays a role in Th2 differentiation. Naïve human CD4(+) T cells were activated in the presence of IL-25, IL-4 (Th2 conditions) or both cytokines to assess their relative influence on Th2 differentiation. For experiments with differentiated Th2 cells, CRTh2-expressing cells were isolated from differentiating cultures. IL-25R, GATA3, CRTh2 and Th2 cytokine expression were assessed by flow cytometry, qRT-PCR and ELISA. Expression of surface IL-25R was induced early during Th2 differentiation (2 days). Addition of IL-25 to naïve CD4(+) T cells revealed that it induces expression of its own receptor, more strongly than IL-4. IL-25 also increased the proportions of IL-4-, GATA3- and CRTh2-expressing cells and expression of IL-5 and IL-13. Activation of differentiated CRTh2(+) Th2 cells through the TCR or by CRTh2 agonist increased surface expression of IL-25R, though re-expression of CRTh2 following TCR downregulation was impeded by IL-25. These data suggest that IL-25 may play various roles in Th2 mediated immunity. We establish here it regulates expression of its own receptor and can initiate Th2 differentiation, though not as strongly as IL-4.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".