Role of the excessive amounts of circulating catecholamines and glucocorticoids in stress-induced heart disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Various stressful stimuli are known to activate the sympathetic nervous system to release catecholamines and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to release glucocorticoids in the circulation. Although initial actions of both catecholamines and glucocorticoids are beneficial for the function of the cardiovascular system, their delayed effects on the heart are deleterious. Glucocorticoids not only increase plasma levels of catecholamines by inhibiting their extraneuronal uptake, but they have also been shown to induce supersensitivity to catecholamines in the heart by upregulating different components of the betta-adrenoceptor signal transduction system. Low concentrations of catecholamines stimulate the heart by promoting Ca2+ movements, whereas excessive amounts of catecholamines produce cardiac dysfunction by inducing intracellular Ca2+ overload in cardiomyocytes. Several studies have shown, however, that under stressful conditions high concentrations of catecholamines become oxidized to form aminolutins and generate oxyradicals. These oxidation products of catecholamines have been demonstrated to produce coronary spasm, arrhythmias, and cardiac dysfunction by inducing Ca2+-handling abnormalities in both sarcolemmal and sarcoplasmic reticulum, defects in energy production by mitochondria, and myocardial cell damage. In this article we have focused the discussion to highlight the interrelationship between catecholamines and glucocorticoids and to emphasize the role of oxidation products of catecholamines in the development of stress-induced heart disease.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".