A two-dimensional hydrophone array using piezoelectric PVDF
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new development in ultrasound measurement technology-a two-dimensional hydrophone array-is presented. Using the established technology of PVDF ultrasound sensors, this novel hydrophone array has 64 circular elements (each of 0.2 mm diameter) arranged in an 8/spl times/8 pattern with 1 mm spacing between element centers. Construction of the hydrophone array is discussed, and results of a series of measurements to characterize its performance are presented. Hydrophone elements exhibit a flat frequency response (/spl plusmn/0.8 dB over the frequency range 1-25 MHz) and have an effective radius that appears to have minimal frequency dependency (within /spl plusmn/8% of mean value) and is within 8% of the nominal sensor radius. The hydrophone array performance also is assessed in terms of dynamic range, interelement variation, and acquisition time. Applications of this new technology (such as mapping of transducer fields, assessment of diagnostic ultrasound fields, and use in point source-array receiver nondestructive testing) are discussed.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it