Metabolic impacts of winter tick infestations on calf moose.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Moose (Alces alces) are susceptible to late winter mortality from infestation of winter ticks (Dermacentor albipictus) throughout much of North America. Calves, perhaps more so than other ages of moose, likely experience chronic, and eventually acute anemia from blood removal by adult female ticks that peaks during weeks 4 - 6 of the 8-week engorgement period. We modeled the potential metabolic impact on protein and energy balance of moose calves associated with blood loss during four levels, low to severe, of winter tick infestation. Our conservative estimates indicated that total blood loss in weeks 4 - 6, as a percent of total blood volume, ranged from 27 to 48% and 64 to 112% during moderate (30,000 ticks) and severe (70,000 ticks) infestations, respectively. The percent of the daily metabolizable energy requirement needed to replace daily blood loss during weeks 4 - 6 was 4.9 - 8.2% and 11.4 - 19.2% during moderate and severe infestations, respectively. The protein GHoFLWDVVRFLDWHGZLWKEORRGORVVDQGUHJHQHUDWLRQZDVWKHPRVW �FULWLFDOPHWDEROLFLPSDFW���'DLO\� protein loss during weeks 4 - 6 was 29 - 49% and 68 - 114% of the daily protein requirement in PRGHUDWHDQGVHYHUHLQIHVWDWLRQV��UHVSHFWLYHO\���'DLO\�SURWHLQ�
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".