Bibliographic record
Abstract
Human security was a dominant theme of Canadian foreign policy during the tenure of Foreign Affairs Minister Lloyd Axworthy, who made it a focal point of Canada's term on the UN Security Council (1999 - 2000). The equality of individuals that is implicit in human security requires that its benefits, not least of which is the right to life free from violence, be extended to all, a doctrine which was expounded by many Western leaders as a new guiding principle in the wake of the NATO intervention in Kosovo. This principle was tested only months later when a UN-administered referendum in East Timor resulted in the overwhelming ratification of independence by voters, followed by a wave of violence perpetrated by anti-independence groups with the support of the Indonesian military. The international community demanded that the Indonesian government re-establish order or allow a multinational force to do so, but stopped short of initiating a unilateral intervention on the Kosovo model. Key players such as the United States and Australia had substantial security and economic interests in Indonesia, as did Canada, which followed its allies in waiting until the multinational force was invited into East Timor only after the island's infrastructure had been largely destroyed and a large proportion of its population displaced. When the intervention was authorized, Canadian troops were delayed from entering the theatre by faulty equipment and operational preparations. Although it has been put forward as a key component of Canadian foreign policy, there are clear limits to the role of human security in guiding Canadian decision-makers in practice.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.036 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".