Generation of accurate on-chip time-constants using a monolithic CMOS PLL with hybrid analog and digital control
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A method for generating on-chip time-constants with accuracy limited by that of on-chip capacitors is presented. The technique uses an adjustable constant-g/sub m/ bias-circuit along with a fully-integrated charge-pump CMOS PLL with a free-running frequency of 250 MHz. The VCO is composed of an adjustable constant-g/sub m/ bias circuit, which controls a g/sub m/-controlled oscillator. The PLL is used to lock the VCO to a crystal reference, which causes the bias circuit to generate a certain well-known transconductance. The bias circuit then biases circuits with well-defined time-constants, since they are inversely proportional to transistor transconductances. The design has been fabricated in a 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS process, using an area of 1600/spl times/1600 /spl mu/m/sup 2/.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".