A Multiscale Numerical Study of Hurricane Andrew (1992). Part V: Inner-Core Thermodynamics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Although considerable progress has been made in understanding the development of hurricanes, our knowledge of their three-dimensional structures of latent heat release and inner-core thermodynamics remains limited.In this study, the inner-core budgets of potential temperature (), moisture (q), and equivalent potential temperature (e) are examined using a high-resolution (⌬x ϭ 6 km), nonhydrostatic, fully explicit simulation of Hurricane Andrew (1992) during its mature or intensifying stage.It is found that the heat energy is dominated by latent heat release in the eyewall, sublimative-evaporative cooling near the eye-eyewall interface, and the upward surface fluxes of sensible and latent heat from the underlying warm ocean.The latent heating () rates in the eyewall range from less than 10ЊC h Ϫ1 to greater than 100ЊC h Ϫ1 , depending upon whether latent heat is released in radial inflow or outflow regions.The latent heating rates decrease inward in the inflow regions and become negative near the eye-eyewall interface.It is shown that the radial advective cooling in the inflow regions accounts for the initiation and maintenance of the penetrative downdrafts at the eye-eyewall interface that are enhanced by the sublimative-evaporative cooling.It is also shown that the vertical advection overcompensates the horizontal advection for the generation of the warm-cored eye, and the sum of latent heating and radial advective warming for the development of intense cooling in the eyewall.The moisture budgets show the dominant upward transport of moisture in the eyewall updrafts (and spiral rainbands), partly by the low-level outflow jet from the bottom eye regions, so that the eyewall remains nearly saturated.The e budgets reveal that e could be considered as an approximately conserved variable in the eyewall above the boundary layer even in the presence of deposition-sublimation and freezing-melting.The development of higher-e surfaces at the eye-eyewall interface is discussed in the context of deep convection, the e gradient and the mass recycling across the eyewall.It is concluded that the simulated hurricane is thermodynamically maintained by the upward surface flux of higher-e air from the underlying warm ocean, the descent of highere air in the upper troposphere along the eye-eyewall interface, and the recycling of some warmed-eye air at the eye-eyewall interface.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".