Penetration Rate-Controlled Electrical Resistivity and Temperature Piezocone Penetration Tests in Warm Ice-Rich Permafrost in Northern Quebec, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Electrical resistivity and temperature piezocone penetration test (RTCPTU) was carried out in warm ice-rich permafrost formed in silty soil near Umiujaq, Northern Quebec, Canada, to study the cryostratigraphy of permafrost and adapt soil classification charts for the interpretation of RTCPTU in such environment. A linear pushing system based on an actuator technology was used to accurately control the penetration rate of the piezocone in permafrost. According to the interpretation of the RTCPTU logs, cryostratigraphic contacts and layers such as the thawing front, permafrost table and base, active layer, ice-rich permafrost and perennially noncryotic ground, layers of ice-poor frozen silt, and ice lenses were identified. Due to its reticulated cryostructure made of a sequence of centimetric thick ice lenses and frozen soil layers, ice-rich permafrost is characterized by extremely variable values of cone resistance and friction ratio corrected for pore pressure effects, pore pressure, and electrical resistivity between 5 and 50 MPa, 0.01 and 2%, near zero and 10 MPa, and 0.01 and 20 kΩ-m, respectively. Cone resistance up to 50 MPa, friction ratio down to 0.01%, pore pressure near 10 MPa, and electrical resistivity close to 10 kΩ-m are characteristics of thick ice lenses. The layers of ice-poor frozen silt with high unfrozen water content have cone resistance lower than 10 MPa, friction ratio in excess of 1%, pore pressure lower than 3 MPa, and electrical resistivity lower than 1 kΩ-m. Based on permafrost behaviour types as characterized from the RTCPTU logs, new zones are proposed in soil classification charts to identify frozen soils. These adapted soil classification charts are helpful to practitioners for the interpretation of RTCPTU carried out in permafrost.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".