A Long-Term Perspective of Delayed Emergence (aka Overwintering) in Hatchling Turtles: Some They Do and Some They Don't, and Some You Just Can't Tell
Bibliographic record
Abstract
I re-examine the phenomenon of delayed timing of emergence from the nest by hatchling turtles (known as overwintering in temperate climates) within the context of the original summary of the topic in an article by Gibbons and Nelson in 1978. I base the overview on cumulative data from research at the Savannah River Ecology Laboratory since 1968 and reports from other locations during the past 34 yr. Investigators have reported known or suspected delayed emergence of hatchling turtles for 43 species, 22 genera, and 8 families from 11 countries and 36 U.S. states and Canadian provinces. The following perspective suggests questions to address and provides recommendations for how herpetologists should proceed in further investigating the phenomenon of hatchling emergence in turtles. The topic is one on which answers must be forthcoming to address turtle conservation on a global scale. For freshwater turtles, which include the majority of the world's turtles, natural selection has favored hatchlings that enter the aquatic habitat at the most propitious season for survival and subsequent growth. Nesting in most species spans several weeks; therefore, at the end of incubation hatchlings must use proximal environmental cues to adjust their timing of departure from the nest and entry into the aquatic habitat. Because of its widespread prevalence, delayed hatchling emergence in a turtle species should be considered the default behavior until evidence to the contrary is provided. Specifically, many turtles emerge several months after hatching, and in temperate climates emergence delayed by up to a year (overwintering) is likely the norm even though conventional wisdom predicts late summer or fall emergence.Reexaminé el fenómeno de emergencia retrasada del nido de las crías de tortugas recién nacidas (conocido como estadía invernal en el nido en climas templados) en el contexto del resumen original del tema en 1978. La revisión está basada en datos acumulativos de investigaciones en el Savannah River Ecology Laboratory desde 1968 e informes adicionales de otras localidades durante los últimos 34 años. Los investigadores han registrado emergencia retrasada de crías de tortuga, ya sea constatada o sospechada, para 39 especies en 22 géneros y 9 familias de 10 países. Lo siguiente brinda una perspectiva sobre el tema con sugerencias acerca de las preguntas más significativas a tratar y recomendaciones sobre cómo los herpetólogos deberían continuar investigando este fenómeno. Para las tortugas de agua dulce, que incluyen a la mayoría de las tortugas del mundo, la selección natural ha favorecido a las crías que entran en el hábitat acuático en la estación más propicia para la sobrevivencia y consecuente crecimiento. La anidación de las hembras de la mayoría de las especies se extiende por varias semanas y las hembras no pueden predecir con exactitud qué condiciones ambientales prevalecerán durante y al final de la incubación. Así, las mismas crías deben usar claves ambientales proximales para ajustar el momento de su salida del nido y su entrada en el hábitat acuático o para encontrar un sitio terrestre adecuado para pasar el invierno. Debido a la preponderancia de la emergencia retrasada de las crías entre las tortugas, los biólogos que se dedican al estudio de las tortugas deberían considerar este comportamiento como el mecanismo dado por omisión para una especie determinada, hasta que haya evidencia de lo contrario. Los biólogos que estudian a las tortugas deberían considerar a la estadía invernal en el nido en climas templados como la norma, en lugar de mantener la idea convencional que la emergencia temprana del nido (al final del verano o en otoño en climas templados) es la que predomina.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".