Assessment of Transmission-Line Common-Mode, Station-Originated, and Fault-Type Forced-Outage Rates
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The frequency and duration of the various types of transmission-line outages have a significant impact on the operation and reliability of industrial and commercial power systems. Knowledge of the statistical characteristics of transmission-line outages (e.g., types of faults: three phase, line-to-ground, etc.) directly affects the protection and coordination practices at these facilities. Reliability modeling of industrial and commercial power systems is dependent upon transmission-line outage characteristics (e.g., terminal- and line-related sustained outages). Generalizations of transmission-line characteristics for all voltage classes can be incorrect and extremely problematic in many cases. This paper presents the sum of the results of a ten-year study of the Mid-Continent Area Power Pool transmission-line outage-data statistics for 230-, 345-, and 500-kV lines. These data can be used for modeling the reliability of industrial and commercial facilities being serviced by transmission lines and reveal some of the common beliefs and misconceptions about transmission-line characteristics.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it