Tissue Uptake, Mortality, and Sublethal Effects of Monomethylarsonic Acid (MMA(V)) in Nestling Zebra Finches (<i>Taeniopygia guttata</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA), an arsenic-based pesticide, has been used since the mid 1980s in attempts to suppress mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreaks in British Columbia, Canada. It was previously shown that cavity nesting forest birds forage and breed in MSMA-treated pine stands. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of ecologically relevant oral exposure to MSMA, including tissue distribution, growth parameters, and general health, including survival and immune function, of a model passerine, the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata). Nestling finches were orally dosed for 20 d from hatching to fledging with 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, or 72 microg/g bw/d of monomethylarsonic acid (MMA(V), which corresponds to MSMA at physiological pH). Preliminary trials showed complete mortality at 36 and 72 microg/g bw/d, and repeat trials also resulted in high mortality at 24 microg/g bw/d. Surviving nestlings showed dose-dependent trends in accumulation of arsenic in blood and specific tissues, and decreased tarsi and wing cord length upon fledging. There were no observed effects of dosing on measured immune function (phytohemagglutinin [PHA], hematocrit, and leukocrit). The data obtained suggest that passerine nestlings may be at risk of mortality and reduced growth due to exposure to MSMA under current environmental conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".