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Record W2104581908 · doi:10.1142/s0218301303001478

PARTICLE MULTIPLICITIES AND THERMALIZATION IN HIGH ENERGY COLLISIONS

2003· article· en· W2104581908 on OpenAlex
James Hormuzdiar, Stephen D. H. Hsu, Gregory Mahlon

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueInternational Journal of Modern Physics E · 2003
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicHigh-Energy Particle Collisions Research
Canadian institutionsMcGill University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsThermalisationPhysicsBoltzmann constantHadronThermal equilibriumParticle (ecology)AmplitudeQuantum chromodynamicsParticle physicsDistribution (mathematics)PhotonStatistical physicsPhase transitionNuclear physicsQuantum mechanicsMathematics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

We investigate the conditions under which particle multiplicities in high energy collisions are Boltzmann distributed, as is the case for hadron production in e + e - , pp, [Formula: see text] and heavy ion collisions. We show that the apparent temperature governing this distribution does not necessarily imply equilibrium (thermal or chemical) in the usual sense. We discuss an explicit example using tree level amplitudes for N photon production in which a Boltzmann-like distribution is obtained without any equilibration. We argue that the failure of statistical techniques based on free particle ensembles may provide a signal for collective phenomena (such as large shifts in masses and widths of resonances) related to the QCD phase transition.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.399
Threshold uncertainty score0.292

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.016
GPT teacher head0.283
Teacher spread0.267 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it