Barrios des États-Unis: des logiques d'exclusion aux logiques communautaires ?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Résumé La permanence de la ségrégation spatiale des populations d’origine hispanique dans les barrios (enclaves ethniques) des métropoles américaines a tour à tour été expliquée en termes culturalistes (« culture de pauvreté ») et structuralistes (sous-prolétariat ou underclass). Toutefois, depuis la fin des années 1980, l’application de ces modèles aux barrios se heurte à des approches qui insistent sur le caractère volontaire de l’exclusion. À l’inverse des ghettos noirs, le barrio résulterait des choix individuels, du désir de vivre ensemble dans des quartiers culturellement homogènes. Les logiques communautaires remplaceraient donc les logiques d’exclusion. Ce changement de paradigme s’inscrit dans une réflexion à double tranchant qui vise à légitimer d’une part, le « droit à la différence », et d’autre part, le retrait de l’intervention étatique dans les espaces marginalisés des villes américaines.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.018 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".