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First low-latency LIGO+Virgo search for binary inspirals and their electromagnetic counterparts
J. Abadie, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, M. R. Abernathy, T. Accadia, F. Acernese, C. Adams, R. X. Adhikari, C. Affeldt, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, P. Ajith, B. Allen, E. Amador Ceron, D. Amariutei, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, K. Arai, M. A. Arain, M. Araya, S. M. Aston, P. Astone, D. Atkinson, P. Aufmuth, C. Aulbert, B. E. Aylott, P. T. Baker, G. Ballardin, S. Ballmer, J. C. Barayoga, D. Barker, F. Barone, B. Barr, L. Barsotti, M. Barsuglia, M. A. Barton, I. Bartos, R. Bassiri, M. Bastarrika, A. Basti, J. C. Batch, J. Bauchrowitz, Thomas Bauer, M. Bebronne, D. Beck, B. Behnke, M. Bejger, M. G. Beker, A. S. Bell, A. Bellétoile, Ilya Belopolski, M. Benacquista, J. M. Berliner, A. Bertolini, J. Betzwieser, N. Beveridge, P. T. Beyersdorf, I. A. Bilenko, G. Billingsley, J. Birch, R. Biswas, M. Bitossi, M. A. Bizouard, E. Black, J. K. Blackburn, Lindy Blackburn, D. G. Blair, B. Bland, M. Blom, O. Bock, T. P. Bodiya, C. Bogan, R. Bondarescu, F. Bondu, L. Bonelli, R. Bonnand, R. Bork, M. Born, V. Boschi, S. Bose, L. Bosi, B. Bouhou, S. Braccini, C. Bradaschia, P. R. Brady, V. B. Braginsky, M. Branchesi, J. E. Brau, J. Breyer, T. Briant, D. O. Bridges, A. Brillet, M. Brinkmann, V. Brisson, M. Britzger, A. F. Brooks, D. Brown, T. Bulik, H. J. Bulten, A. Buonanno, J. Burguet–Castell, D. Buskulic, C. Buy, R. L. Byer, L. Cadonati, G. Cagnoli, E. Calloni, J. B. Camp, P. Campsie, J. K. Cannizzo, K. C. Cannon, B. Canuel, J. Cao, C. D. Capano, F. Carbognani, L. Carbone, S. Caride, S. Caudill, M. Cavaglià, F. Cavalier, G. Cella, C. Cepeda, E. Cesarini, O. Chaibi, T. Chalermsongsak, P. Charlton, E. Chassande‐Mottin, S. Chelkowski, W. Chen, X. Chen, Y. Chen, A. Chincarini, A. Chiummo, H. S. Cho, J. H. Chow, N. Christensen, M. Cieślar, C. T. Y. Chung, S. Chung, G. Ciani, F. Clara, Daniel E. Clark, J. A. Clark, J. H. Clayton, F. Cleva, E. Coccia, P.‐F. Cohadon, C. N. Colacino, J. Colas, A. Colla, M. Colombini, A. Conte, R. Conte, D. Cook, T. R. Corbitt, M. Cordier, Neil J. Cornish, A. Corsi, C. A. Costa, M. W. Coughlin, J.-P. Coulon, P. Couvares, D. M. Coward, M. J. Cowart, D. C. Coyne, J. D. E. Creighton, A. M. Cruise, A. Cumming, L. Cunningham, E. Cuoco, R. M. Cutler, K. Dahl, S. L. Danilishin, R. Dannenberg, S. D’Antonio, K. Danzmann, V. Dattilo, B. Daudert, H. Daveloza, M. Davier, E. J. Daw, R. Day, T. Dayanga, R. De Rosa, D. DeBra, G. Debreczeni, W. Del Pozzo, M. Del Prete, T. Dent, V. Dergachev, R. T. DeRosa, R. DeSalvo, S. Dhurandhar, L. Di Fiore, A. Di Lieto, I. Di Palma, M. Di Paolo Emilio, A. Di Virgilio, M. Díaz, A. Dietz, F. Donovan, K. L. Dooley, M. Drago, R. W. P. Drever, J. C. Driggers, Zhihui Du, J.-C. Dumas, S. E. Dwyer, T. Eberle, M. Edgar, M. C. Edwards, A. Effler, P. Ehrens, G. Endrőczi, R. Engel, T. Etzel, K. Evans, M. Evans, T. Evans, M. Factourovich, V. Fafone, S. Fairhurst, Y. Fan, B. Farr, D. Fazi, H. Fehrmann, D. Feldbaum, F. Feroz, I. Ferrante, F. Fidecaro, L. S. Finn, I. Fiori, R. P. Fisher, R. Flaminio, Meghan E. Flanigan, S. Foley, E. Forsi, L. A. Forte, N. Fotopoulos, J.-D. Fournier, J. Franc, S. Frasca, F. Frasconi, M. Frede, M. Frei, Z. Frei, A. Freise, R. Frey, T. T. Fricke, Daniel Friedrich, P. Fritschel, V. V. Frolov, M.-K. Fujimoto, P. Fulda, M. Fyffe, J. Gair, M. Galimberti, L. Gammaitoni, Javier A. García, F. Garufi, M. E. Gáspár, G. Gemme, R. Geng, E. Genin, A. Gennai, L. Gergely, S. Ghosh, J. A. Giaime, S. Giampanis, K. D. Giardina, A. Giazotto, S. Gil-Casanova, C. Gill, J. Gleason, E. Goetz, L. M. Goggin, G. González, M. L. Gorodetsky, S. Goßler, R. Gouaty, C. Graef, P. B. Graff, M. Granata, A. Grant, S. Gras, C. Gray, Norman Gray, R. J. S. Greenhalgh, A. M. Gretarsson, C. Greverie, R. Grosso, H. Grote, S. Grünewald, G. M. Guidi, C. Guido, Ranjan Gupta, E. K. Gustafson, R. Gustafson, Trung Ha, J. M. Hallam, D. Hammer, G. Hammond, J. Hanks, C. Hanna, J. Hanson, J. Harms, I. W. Harry, E. D. Harstad, M. T. Hartman, K. Haughian, K. Hayama, J.-F. Hayau, J. Heefner, A. Heidmann, M. C. Heintze, H. Heitmann, P. Hello, M. A. Hendry, I. S. Heng, A. W. Heptonstall, Víctor Gallego Herrera, M. Hewitson, S. Hild, D. Hoak, K. A. Hodge, K. Holt, M. Holtrop, S. Hooper, David J. Hosken, J. Hough, E. J. Howell, B. Hughey, S. Husa, S. H. Huttner, T. Huynh–Dinh, D. R. Ingram, R. Inta, T. Isogai, A. Ivanov, K. Izumi, M. Jacobson, E. James, Y. J. Jang, P. Jaranowski, E. Jesse, W. W. Johnson, D. I. Jones, Gareth Jones, R. Jones, L. Ju, P. Kalmus, V. Kalogera, S. Kandhasamy, G. Kang, J. B. Kanner, Rangachar Kasturi, E. Katsavounidis, W. Katzman, H. Kaufer, K. Kawabe, Seiji Kawamura, F. Kawazoe, D. B. Kelley, W. Kells, D. G. Keppel, Zoltán Keresztes, A. Khalaidovski, F. Y. Khalili, Е. А. Хазанов, B. K Kim, C. Kim, H. Kim, K. Kim, Nakwoo Kim, Y.-M. Kim, Peter King, D. L. Kinzel, J. S. Kissel, S. Klimenko, K. Kokeyama, V. Kondrashov, S. Koranda, W. Z. Korth, I. Kowalska, D. B. Kozak, O. Kranz, V. Kringel, S. Krishnamurthy, B. Krishnan, A. Królak, S. Kumar, P. Kwee, Ping Koy Lam, M. Landry, B. Lantz, N. Lastzka, Craig Lawrie, A. Lazzarini, P. Leaci, Chang‐Hwan Lee, H. K. Lee, Hyung Mok Lee, J. R. Leong, I. Leonor, N. Leroy, N. Letendre, J. Li, T. G. F. Li, N. Liguori, P. E. Lindquist, Y. Liu, Zhaoran Liu, N. A. Lockerbie, D. Lodhia, M. Lorenzini, V. Loriette, M. Lormand, G. Losurdo, J. D. Lough, Jing Luan, M. Lubinski, H. Lück, A. P. Lundgren, E. Macdonald, B. Machenschalk, M. MacInnis, D. M. Macleod, M. Mageswaran, K. Mailand, E. Majorana, I. Maksimovic, N. Man, Ilya Mandel, V. Mandic, M. Mantovani, Alireza Marandi, F. Marchesoni, F. Marion, Szabolcs Márka, Z. Márka, A. S. Markosyan, E. Maros, J. Marque, F. Martelli, I. W. Martin, R. M. Martin, J. N. Marx, K. Mason, A. Masserot, F. Matichard, L. Matone, R. A. Matzner, N. Mavalvala, G. Mazzolo, R. McCarthy, D. E. McClelland, S. C. McGuire, G. McIntyre, J. McIver, D. J. A. McKechan, S. T. McWilliams, G. D. Meadors, M. Mehmet, T. Meier, A. Melatos, A. C. Melissinos, G. Mendell, R. A. Mercer, S. Meshkov, C. Messenger, M. S. Meyer, H. Miao, C. Michel, L. Milano, J. Miller, Y. Minenkov, V. P. Mitrofanov, G. Mitselmakher, R. Mittleman, O. Miyakawa, B. Moe, M. Mohan, Soumya D. Mohanty, M. Mondin, D. Moraru, G. Moreno, N. Morgado, A. Morgia, Takao Mori, S. R. Morriss, S. Mosca, K. Mossavi, B. Mours, C. M. Mow–Lowry, C. Mueller, G. Mueller, Suvodip Mukherjee, A. Mullavey, H. Müller‐Ebhardt, J. Münch, D. Murphy, P. G. Murray, A. Mytidis, T. Nash, L. Naticchioni, V. Necula, John H. Nelson, I. Neri, G. Newton, T. Nguyen, A. Nishizawa, A. Nitz, F. Nocera, D. Nolting, M. E. N. Normandin, L. K. Nuttall, E. Ochsner, J. O’Dell, E. Oelker, G. H. Ogin, J. J. Oh, S. H. Oh, B. O’Reilly, R. O’Shaughnessy, C. Osthelder, C. D. Ott, D. J. Ottaway, R. S. Ottens, H. Overmier, B. J. Owen, Amanda J. Page, G. Pagliaroli, L. Palladino, C. Palomba, Y. C. Pan, C. Pankow, F. Paoletti, M. A. Papa, M. Parisi, A. Pasqualetti, R. Passaquieti, D. Passuello, P. Patel, M. Pedraza, P. Peiris, L. Pekowsky, A. Perreca, Gianluca Persichetti, M. Phelps, M. Pichot, M. Pickenpack, F. Piergiovanni, M. Piȩtka, L. Pinard, I. M. Pinto, M. Pitkin, H. J. Pletsch, M. V. Plissi, R. Poggiani, J. Pöld, F. Postiglione, Mirko Prato, V. Predoi, T. Prestegard, Larry R. Price, M. Prijatelj, M. Principe, S. Privitera, R. Prix, G. A. Prodi, L. Prokhorov, O. Puncken, M. Punturo, P. Puppo, V. Quetschke, R. Quitzow-James, F. J. Raab, D. S. Rabeling, István Rácz, H. Radkins, P. Raffai, M. Rakhmanov, B. Rankins, P. Rapagnani, V. Raymond, V. Re, K. Redwine, C. M. Reed, T. Reed, T. Regimbau, S. Reid, D. H. Reitze, R. Riesen, K. Riles, N. A. Robertson, F. Robinet, C. Robinson, E. L. Robinson, A. Rocchi, S. Roddy, Carl L. Rodriguez, M. Rodruck, L. Rolland, J. G. Rollins, J. D. Romano, R. Romano, D. Rosińska, Christian Röver, S. Rowan, A. Rüdiger, P. Ruggi, K. Ryan, P. Sainathan, F. Salemi, L. Sammut, V. Sandberg, V. Sannibale, L. Santamaría, I. Santiago-Prieto, G. Santostasi, B. Sassolas, B. S. Sathyaprakash, S. Sato, P. R. Saulson, R. L. Savage, R. Schilling, R. Schnabel, R. M. S. Schofield, E. Schreiber, B. Schulz, B. F. Schutz, P. Schwinberg, J. Scott, S. M. Scott, Frank Seifert, D. Sellers, D. Sentenac, A. Sergeev, D. A. Shaddock, M. Shaltev, B. Shapiro, P. Shawhan, D. H. Shoemaker, A. Sibley, X. Siemens, D. Sigg, A. Singer, L. Singer, A. M. Sintes, G. Skelton, B. J. J. Slagmolen, J. Slutsky, J. R. Smith, M. Smith, R. J. E. Smith, N. D. Smith-Lefebvre, K. Somiya, B. Sorazu, J. Soto, F. C. Speirits, L. Sperandio, Michael Stefszky, A. J. Stein, Leo C. Stein, E. Steinert, J. Steinlechner, S. Steinlechner, S. Steplewski, A. Stochino, R. Stone, K. A. Strain, S. E. Strigin, A. Stroeer, R. Sturani, A. L. Stuver, T. Z. Summerscales, M. Sung, S. Susmithan, P. J. Sutton, B. L. Swinkels, M. Tacca, L. Taffarello, D. Talukder, D. B. Tanner, S. P. Tarabrin, J. R. Taylor, R. Taylor, P. Thomas, K. A. Thorne, K. S. Thorne, E. Thrane, A. Thüring, K. V. Tokmakov, C. Tomlinson, A. Toncelli, M. Tonelli, O. Torre, C. Torres, C. I. Torrie, E. Tournefier, F. Travasso, G. Traylor, K. Tseng, D. Ugolini, H. Vahlbruch, G. Vajente, J. F. J. van den Brand, S. van der Putten, A. A. van Veggel, S. Vass, M. Vasúth, R. Vaulin, M. Vavoulidis, A. Vecchio, G. Vedovato, J. Veitch, C. Veltkamp, D. Verkindt, F. Vetrano, A. Viceré, A. E. Villar, S. Vitale, H. Vocca, C. Vorvick, S. P. Vyatchanin, A. R. Wade, L. E. Wade, M. Wade, S. J. Waldman, L. Wallace, M. Wang, X. Wang, Z. Wang, A. Wanner, R. L. Ward, M. Wąs, M. Weinert, A. J. Weinstein, R. Weiss, L. Wen, P. Weßels, M. West, T. Westphal, K. Wette, J. T. Whelan, S. E. Whitcomb, D. J. White, B. F. Whiting, C. Wilkinson, P. A. Willems, L. Williams, R. Williams, B. Willke, L. Winkelmann, W. Winkler, C. C. Wipf, A. G. Wiseman, H. Wittel, G. Woan, R. Wooley, J. Worden, I. Yakushin, H. Yamamoto, Kazuhiro Yamamoto, C. C. Yancey, Huan Yang, D. Yeaton-Massey, S. Yoshida, Po‐Chieh Yu, M. Yvert, A. Zadrożny, M. Zanolin, J.‐P. Zendri, F. Zhang, L. Zhang, W. Zhang, C. Zhao, N. Zotov, M. E. Zucker, J. Zweizig
Bibliographic record
VenueAstronomy and Astrophysics · 2012
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicPulsars and Gravitational Waves Research
Canadian institutionsCanadian Institute for Theoretical AstrophysicsPerimeter InstituteUniversity of Toronto
FundersAustralian Research CouncilScience and Technology Facilities CouncilCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueCouncil of Scientific and Industrial Research, IndiaNederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekGovern de les Illes BalearsFundacja na rzecz Nauki PolskiejNational Science FoundationRoyal SocietyScottish Funding CouncilScottish Universities Physics AllianceIstituto Nazionale di Fisica NucleareDavid and Lucile Packard FoundationLeverhulme TrustAlfred P. Sloan FoundationNational Aeronautics and Space Administration
KeywordsGravitational waveLIGOPhysicsGravitational-wave observatoryAstronomyGravitational-wave astronomyDetectorAstrophysicsOptics
Abstract
Aims. The detection and measurement of gravitational-waves from coalescing neutron-star binary systems is an important science goal for ground-based gravitational-wave detectors. In addition to emitting gravitational-waves at frequencies that span the most sensitive bands of the LIGO and Virgo detectors, these sources are also amongst the most likely to produce an electromagnetic counterpart to the gravitational-wave emission. A joint detection of the gravitational-wave and electromagnetic signals would provide a powerful new probe for astronomy.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.003
Threshold uncertainty score0.008
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.011
GPT teacher head0.270
Teacher spread0.260 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
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Citations88
Published2012
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes