A double-balanced CMOS mixer with on-chip balun for 60-GHz receivers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a double-balanced CMOS down-conversion mixer for 60-GHz receivers, although the mixer is designed specifically for a phased array receiver architecture. The proposed mixer uses two on-chip baluns implemented with the two top metal layers in a 0.13-μm CMOS technology. The baluns provide 180° differential outputs from applied single-ended input at the radio-frequency (RF) and local-oscillator (L O) inputs. Operating from a 1.5-V supply, the overall measured maximum conversion gain is ~1.7 dB over the intermediate frequency band from 10.5 to 12.8 GHz, RF frequency of 57-64 GHz and LO frequency of 45.6-51.2GHz. The input-referred 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> -order intercept point is 14.2 dBm, when the applied LO signal is 1.5 dBm. The mixer core draws 4 mA from a 1.5-V supply.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".