A double-balanced CMOS mixer with on-chip balun for 60-GHz receivers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a double-balanced CMOS down-conversion mixer for 60-GHz receivers, although the mixer is designed specifically for a phased array receiver architecture. The proposed mixer uses two on-chip baluns implemented with the two top metal layers in a 0.13-μm CMOS technology. The baluns provide 180° differential outputs from applied single-ended input at the radio-frequency (RF) and local-oscillator (L O) inputs. Operating from a 1.5-V supply, the overall measured maximum conversion gain is ~1.7 dB over the intermediate frequency band from 10.5 to 12.8 GHz, RF frequency of 57-64 GHz and LO frequency of 45.6-51.2GHz. The input-referred 3rd-order intercept point is 14.2 dBm, when the applied LO signal is 1.5 dBm. The mixer core draws 4 mA from a 1.5-V supply.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".