Comparison of two constructed wetland substrates for reducing phosphorus and nitrogen pollution in agricultural runoff
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Phosphorus and nitrogen present in runoff from agricultural land is a primary freshwater pollution source in southern Quebec. The focus of this study was to optimize a constructed wetland for use as a best management practice and the specific aim was to determine if substrate type influences its phosphorus and nitrogen reduction capabilities. The pilot-scale constructed wetland site was located 3 km north of McGill's Macdonald campus in Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada. Three tank replicates filled with sandy clay loam soil, and three with a sandy soil were planted with cattails (Typha latifolia L.) and reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinaceae L.). From July to September 2007, the tanks were flooded continuously with an artificial runoff wastewater, containing 10 mg N L-1 as nitrate 0.3 mg P L-1 as orthophosphate. Results show that there was no significant difference in P removal between the two soil types and both retained approximately 41%. The sandy clay loam soil outperformed the sandy soil in N removal, with 63% and 40% retained respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".