Cytokine profiles of suction pulmonary secretions from children infected with pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Uncomplicated infl uenza in humans is characterized by massive virus replication in respiratory epithelial cells, infl ammation and an abrupt onset.Th e novel infl uenza A (H1N1) 2009 caused an epidemic of critical illness and some patients rapidly developed severe acute respiratory distress syndrome [1,2].Van Reeth [3] reviewed growing evidence that the so-called early cytokines produced at the site of infection mediate many of the clinical and pathological manifestations of infl uenza infection.Of those cytokines, Bermejo-Martin and colleagues [4] reported in Critical Care that T-helper 1 (Th 1) and Th 17 hypercytokinemia plays an important role as an early host response in severe pandemic infl uenza.Evaluating the diff erences in early immune responses between hospita lized patients with severe pandemic infl uenza and those with mild disease, high systemic levels of IFN-γ and a group of mediators involved in the development of the Th 17 (IL-8, IL-9, IL-17, IL-6) and Th 1 (TNF-α, IL-15, IL-12p70) responses were found exclusively in hospitalized patients.A signifi cant inverse association was found between IL-6 and IL-8 and PaO 2 in critical patients.Th ey concluded that severe disease with respira tory involvement is characterized by early secretion of Th 17 and Th 1 cytokines.We experienced two cases of pandemic infl uenza A(H1N1) 2009-associated pneumonia and encephalopathy, which were treated under mechanical ventilation.Cytokine analysis of their pulmonary secretions revealed diff erent patterns from previous results (Figure 1).One patient showed no improvement with usual ventilation and had mediastinal emphysema and serious hypooxygenation; thus, the patient needed to be ventilated
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".