Association Between Comorbid Depression and Osteoarthritis Symptom Severity in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: We sought to investigate the reported association between depression and severity of knee osteoarthritis symptoms stratified by radiographic severity of osteoarthritis and to quantify the contribution made by depression to symptom severity. METHODS: Six hundred and sixty elderly Koreans (sixty-five years or older) were evaluated for radiographic severity of knee osteoarthritis on the basis of the Kellgren-Lawrence grading system and also for symptom severity on the basis of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index scales. Patient interviews and a questionnaire that made use of a geriatric depression scale were conducted for the purpose of assessing depressive disorders. Regression analyses were performed to assess the relative contributions by radiographic severity and depression severity to Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index scores and to explore any associations between radiographic severity and the presence of a depressive disorder with regard to the risk of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Symptomatic knee osteoarthritis was defined as a Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index score of ≥39. RESULTS: The presence of a depressive disorder was found to be associated with an increased risk of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (odds ratio = 5.87 [95% confidence interval, 3.01 to 11.44]). However, the influence of the presence of a depressive disorder was limited to subjects with a radiographic severity of minimal to moderate (Kellgren-Lawrence grade 0 to 3). The presence of a depressive disorder was not associated with the risk of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis in subjects with severe osteoarthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence grade 4). CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that the assessment and management of coexisting depression should be integrated with the assessment and management of knee osteoarthritis, particularly when radiographic changes of osteoarthritis in the knee joint are not severe.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".