Brainstem modulation of locomotion in the neonatal mouse spinal cord
Bibliographic record
Abstract
During development, descending projections to the spinal cord are immature. Available data suggest that even though these projections are not fully formed, they contribute to activation of spinal circuitry and promote development of network function. Here we examine the modulation of sacrocaudal afferent-evoked locomotor activity by descending pathways. We first examined the effects of brainstem transection on the afferent evoked locomotor-like rhythm using an isolated brainstem-spinal cord preparation of the mouse. Transection increased the frequency and stability of the locomotor-like rhythm while the phase remained unchanged. We then made histologically verified lesions of the ventrolateral funiculus and observed similar effects on the stability and frequency of the locomotor rhythm. We next tested whether these effects were due to downstream effects of the transection. A split-bath was constructed between the brainstem and spinal cord. Neural activity was suppressed in the brainstem compartment using cooled high sucrose solutions. This manipulation led to a reversible change in frequency and stability that mirrored our findings using lesion approaches. Our findings suggest that spontaneous brainstem activity contributes to the ongoing modulation of afferent-evoked locomotor patterns during early postnatal development. Our work suggests that some of the essential circuits necessary to modulate and control locomotion are at least partly functional before the onset of weight-bearing locomotion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".