Assessment of the effect of the Montreal Protocol on atmospheric ozone
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ozone depletion is a major global scientific and environmental problem. One of its causes is the anthropogenic increase of CFC s in the atmosphere, which results in the enhancement of the concentration of reactive chlorine in the stratosphere. To reduce the influence of anthropogenic ozone‐depleting substances, the Montreal Protocol was agreed by Governments in 1987, with several Amendments adopted later. What has been the result of the Montreal Protocol and its Amendments (MPA)? Here we present the first 3D‐model assessment of the effect of the MPA on atmospheric ozone which has been performed with the University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign (UIUC) Atmospheric Chemical Transport Model (ACTM). We find that the MPA has saved up to 2% of the present‐day total ozone in the Northern Hemisphere and about 5% in the Southern Hemisphere. Our calculations also show that CFC s do not play the major role in the observed recent total ozone variations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".