Bibliographic record
Abstract
Early differentiation of the mammalian embryo leads to the development of two distinct lineages-the inner cell mass (ICM) and the trophectoderm. Cells of the ICM are pluripotent and give rise to all tissues of the fetus, while trophectoderm cells are restricted in their potential to the trophoblast cell layers of the placenta. In the mouse, apparently immortal stem cell lines can be obtained from both cell types. These cell lines, embryonic stem (ES) cells and trophoblast stem (TS) cells, are morphologically and molecularly distinct and depend on different signaling pathways for their maintenance. They also show different cell fates when introduced into early embryos to generate chimeras. However, a change in the levels of expression of a key regulator of pluripotency, Oct4, can push ES cells towards the TS phenotype, when grown in TS cell conditions. Stem cell potential in the early embryo thus appears to depend on a combination of the levels of expression of key intrinsic regulators and the appropriate extrinsic environmental factors. Manipulation of both intrinsic and extrinsic regulators may be needed to reveal the full potential of stem cells from other stages of development and the adult.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.008 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".