Kinetics of Liquid‐Phase Hydrogenation of Iso‐valeraldehyde to Iso‐amyl Alcohol Over A Ru/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Catalyst
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The liquid‐phase catalytic hydrogenation of iso‐valeraldehyde to iso‐amyl alcohol was studied in a slurry reactor. The kinetics of liquid‐phase hydrogenation of iso‐valeraldehyde over a 5% Ru/Al 2 O 3 catalyst was studied in the range of temperature 373‐393 K and H 2 pressure 0.68‐2.72 MPa using 2‐propanol as the solvent. The selectivity to iso‐amyl alcohol was 100%. The kinetic data were analyzed using a simple power law model. A single site Langmuir‐Hinshelwood type model suggesting dissociative adsorption of hydrogen and surface reaction as the rate‐controlling step provided the best fit of the experimental data. The catalyst could be reused thrice without any loss in activity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".