Parasitic suppression of feeding in the tobacco hornworm,<i>Manduca sexta</i>: Parallels with feeding depression after an immune challenge
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The parasitic wasp, Cotesia congregata, suppresses feeding in its host Manduca sexta. Feeding suppression in the host coincides with the emergence of the wasps through the host's cuticle. During wasp emergence, host hemocyte number declined, suggesting that the host mounts a wound/immune response against the exiting parasitoids and/or resulting tissue damage. Eliciting a different type of immune response by injecting heat-killed Serratia marcescens also resulted in a decline in feeding and a reduction in hemocyte number. Both the emerging wasps and the bacteria induced an increase in hemolymph octopamine concentration and a decrease in foregut peristalsis in M. sexta. The emerging parasitoids produced the largest changes. The source of the additional octopamine appeared to be the host in both cases. S. marcescens was found to contain no detectable amounts of octopamine. The parasitoids had insufficient octopamine to account for the amount found in host hemolymph and they did not secrete octopamine in vitro. One cause for the high concentration of octopamine in parasitized M. sexta was that octopamine was removed from the hemolymph approximately 23 times more slowly after the wasps emerged than prior to wasp emergence. The striking similarity between the effects of parasitoids and bacteria on M. sexta feeding, hemocyte number, hemolymph octopamine concentration, and foregut peristalsis supports the possibility that the immune/wound reaction induced by the emerging wasps could play a role in the suppression of host feeding. These results also support the hypothesis that M. sexta exhibit an immune-activated anorexia.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it