The influence of syllable position on children's production of consonants
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two studies examined consonant production by 13 children with delayed phonological skills. Study 1 examined patterns of substitution errors in word-initial, word-final and intervocalic positions of two-syllable words with a strong-weak stress pattern. For phonemes that were misarticulated in at least one word position, intervocalic consonant production was most likely to be the same as the word-final consonant production, but different from the word-initial consonant production. Study 2 examined proportions of matches and mismatches for features in five positions of multisyllabic words: (1) syllable-initial, word-initial, (2) syllable-initial, within-word, (3) intervocalic before an unstressed syllable, (4) syllable-final, within-word, and (5) syllable-final, word-final. Significant variations in match ratios were observed as a function of syllable position. A number of different patterns of position-dependent errors were observed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.013 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".