Detection of the valvular split within the second heart sound using the reassigned smoothed pseudo Wigner–Ville distribution
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In this paper, we developed a novel algorithm to detect the valvular split between the aortic and pulmonary components in the second heart sound which is a valuable medical information. METHODS: The algorithm is based on the Reassigned smoothed pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution which is a modified time-frequency distribution of the Wigner-Ville distribution. A preprocessing amplitude recovery procedure is carried out on the analysed heart sound to improve the readability of the time-frequency representation. The simulated S2 heart sounds were generated by an overlapping frequency modulated chirp-based model at different valvular split durations. RESULTS: Simulated and real heart sounds are processed to highlight the performance of the proposed approach. The algorithm is also validated on real heart sounds of the LGB-IRCM (Laboratoire de Génie biomédical-Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal) cardiac valve database. The A2-P2 valvular split is accurately detected by processing the obtained RSPWVD representations for both simulated and real data.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it