T Cells Localize with Proliferating Smooth Muscle α-Actin+ Cell Compartments in Asthma
Bibliographic record
Abstract
RATIONALE: Airway remodeling in asthma comprises increased airway smooth muscle (ASM), an alteration linked to airway hyperresponsiveness and disease severity. Experimental studies showed that T cells adhere to ASM through vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and drive ASM growth through direct contact between the T cells and smooth muscle alpha-actin (alpha-SMA)(+) cells. OBJECTIVES: To support the hypothesis of a T-cell/alpha-SMA(+) cell contact mechanism of ASM remodeling in asthma, using bronchial biopsies. METHODS: We performed quantitative morphology on T cells, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), alpha-SMA, and VCAM-1 on biopsies from subjects with moderate and severe asthma and healthy control subjects. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We demonstrate ASM cell proliferation and infiltration by T cells in proportion to severity in the subjects with asthma. T cells localized with alpha-SMA(+)PCNA(+) cells, suggesting direct intercellular contact and a relationship with alpha-SMA(+) cell proliferation. Furthermore, the subjects with asthma developed a proliferating compartment of subepithelial alpha-SMA(+), nonorganized airway contractile elements (NOACE), suggesting a phenotype gradient from undifferentiated cells to smooth muscle-like cells. T-cell juxtaposition events were also observed in this compartment and correlated to its mass. The subjects with asthma showed VCAM-1 expression in postcapillary venules and clusters of VCAM-1 immunoreactivity in ASM and NOACE, consistent with a role of VCAM-1 in T-cell/alpha-SMA(+) cell interaction. CONCLUSIONS: T cells may induce alpha-SMA(+) cell proliferation through direct intercellular contact. NOACE may in part contribute to ASM growth through differentiation and translocation of alpha-SMA(+) cells. The findings support the role of the T cell in ASM remodeling in asthma.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".