Linking aquatic and terrestrial environments: can beaver canals serve as movement corridors for pond‐breeding amphibians?
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Beavers C astor canadensis are well known as ecosystem engineers for creating ponds by damming streams. However, in wetlands with soft substrates and shallow banks, beavers often dig networks of foraging canals, the ecological effects of which have received little study. We examined how canals are used by pond‐breeding amphibians during dispersal and migration between aquatic and terrestrial habitat, focusing on the wood frog L ithobates sylvaticus , in M iquelon L ake P rovincial P ark, A lberta, C anada. In late summer, the number of emigrating young‐of‐the‐year ( YOY ) wood frogs encountered at drift fences in riparian zones was highest at beaver canals and declined with distance from canal edges. On visual encounter surveys along the pond perimeter, YOY and adult wood frogs were up to nine times more abundant on beaver canals than along shorelines not modified by beavers. Beaver canals provided habitat for adult wood frogs and also functioned as movement corridors for emigrating YOY frogs, with possible implications for survival to maturity, meta‐population dynamics and nutrient transfer between aquatic and terrestrial environments.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it