Fabrication Using High-Energy Ball-Milling Technique and Characterization of Pt-Co Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work discusses the fabrication and characterization of Pt-Co electrocatalysts for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) and electrocatalysis of the oxygen reduction reaction. Two sets of carbon supported catalysts with Pt:Co in the atomic ratio of 0.25:0.75 and 0.75:0.25 were prepared using a high-energy ball-milling technique. One of the Pt-Co electrocatalysts was subjected to lixiviation to examine the change in surface area. Microstructural characterization of the electrocatalysts was done using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffractometry, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Electrochemical characterization of the electrocatalysts was done in acidic and alkaline media using cyclic voltammetry and potentiodynamic polarization techniques. These tests were performed at room and higher temperature (50°C). Performances of the electrocatalysts were also compared with the commercial E-TEK Pt:Co alloy electrocatalysts of the compositions 10% Pt-Co alloy (1:1 a/o) and 40% Pt-Co alloy (1:1 a/o) on Vulcan XC-72.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".