Investigation of thermochromism in a series of side-chain, liquid-crystalline, azobenzene-containing polymers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The thermochromic properties of a series of liquid crystalline polymethacrylates, containing azobenzene side-chains with variable spacer lengths, were investigated. Annealing the amorphous polymer thin films above the glass transition temperature results in a rearrangement of the azobenzene moieties, causing a hypsochromic shift in the electronic absorption spectra. A detailed investigation of the spectral shift was performed by in situ UVvis spectroscopy and indicated the formation of H-type aggregates by the side-chain chromophores above the glass transition temperature. The rate at which the hypsochromic shift occurs is faster for polymers with shorter spacers since their high glass transition temperature results in a higher thermal energy during the thermochromic effect. Experimentally determined activation energies show that the aggregation occurs primarily due to side-chain relaxation (β-relaxation) and main-chain relaxation (α-relaxation). Further annealing above the isotropization temperature resulted in the onset of deaggregation and in most cases showed that the chromophores were freed from the ordered state.Key words: liquid-crystalline polymer, thermochromic properties, chain relaxation, aggregation, thin films, azobenzene mesogens.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".