Effect of Multiple Ionization on the Yield of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>Produced in the Radiolysis of Aqueous 0.4<i>M</i>H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>Solutions by High-LET<sup>12</sup>C<sup>6+</sup>and<sup>20</sup>Ne<sup>9+</sup>Ions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Monte Carlo track structure simulations were performed to investigate the effect of multiple ionization of water on the primary (or "escape") (at approximately 10(-6) s) yield of hydrogen peroxide (G(H2O2)) produced in the radiolysis of deaerated 0.4 M H2SO4 solutions by 12C6+ and 20Ne9+ ions at high linear energy transfer (LET) up to approximately 900 keV/microm. It was found that, upon incorporating the mechanisms of double, triple and quadruple ionizations of water in the calculations, a quantitative agreement between theory and experiment can be obtained. The curve for G(H2O2) as a function of LET reaches a well-defined maximum of approximately 1.4 molecules/100 eV at approximately 180-200 keV/microm, in very good accord with the available experimental data. Our results also show that, for the highest LET values considered in this study, the H2O2 escape yields obtained in 0.4 M sulfuric acid solutions are about 45% greater in magnitude than those found in neutral water. Contrary to a recent assumption suggesting that the limiting value of G(H2O2) at infinite LET should be approximately 1 molecule/100 eV, somewhat similar for neutral and acidic water, our simulations show a clear decrease in the primary H2O2 yields with increasing LET at high LET, indicating that the question of the limiting value of G(H2O2) at very high LET for both neutral and acidic liquid water is still open.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".