Protection of pigs against experimental Salmonella Typhimurium infection by use of a single dose subunit slow delivery vaccine
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Infections caused by septicemic strains of Salmonella are significant animal health as well as food safety concerns for the North American swine industry.Among the various strategies to control these mfections at the herd level, development of vaccines are attractive alternatives.In this study, based on previous studies of immune response to various protems following natural and experimental infections of pigs by Salmonella, we designed a subumt slow delivery vaccme and tested it m an experimental model of Infection.The selected 1mmunogen1c protem was cloned and purified by chromatography.The purified protein was then incorporated m PLGA (a polymer that is slowly degraded within the ammal's gastro Intestinal system) m1crospheres and g1ven orally once to groups of p1gs (n=8) while control animals (n=8) rece1ved only PBS.An1mals were challenged orally 4 weeks after the vaccmation w1th 1 0 8 cells of a virulent strains of Salmonella Typhimurium.An1mals were examined twice a day and climcal signs evaluated using a predetermmed sconng gnd.Pigs were sacrificed 12 days later and bacterial cultures of vanous organs, electron m1croscopy and evaluation of lgA response by ELISA were performed.No Significant difference was found at bactenology and ELISA but marked differences 1n climcal s1gns were observed between vaccinated and non vaccinated animals.None of vaccmated an1mals showed fever exceedmg 40°C while it was observed in 5 out of 8 non vaccinated Only one of vaccmated p1gs showed mild diarrhea wh1le severe diarrhea was observed m all control ammals Different s1zes of m1crospheres were observed m intestmal crypts of vacc1nated ammals at electron m1croscopy We concluded that th1s vaccine can protect p1gs aga1nst climcal s1gns associated with expenmental infection by Salmonella Typh1munum.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".