A possible origin for large aspect angle "HAIR'' echoes seen by SuperDARN radars in the E region
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract. Milan2004 have recently reported on close-range E region decameter size echoes that seem to be relatively weak, have apparently unusually large aspect angles, and possess Doppler shifts that are slow and are clearly consistent with the ion drift of the medium as opposed to, say, its electron drift or its ion-acoustic speed. We argue that these irregularities are the result of a nonlinear wave conversion process triggered by the nonlocal evolution of decameter Farley-Buneman waves. According to this picture, structures which have weak spontaneous growth rates and are initially field-aligned undergo an evolution of their aspect angle that results in a jump in the aspect angle at some point in time and space. When this takes place, a rapid mode conversion must follow, which takes energy away from a standard two-stream signature and converts it either to a strongly damped ion-acoustic mode or to a purely decaying mode, depending on altitude.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".