Conservation, status, and diversity of the crayfishes of the genus Cambarus Erichson, 1846 (Decapoda, Cambaridae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
[The crayfish genus Cambarus Erichson, 1846 contains 97 species found in a wide diversity of freshwater aquatic and semi-aquatic habitats in eastern and central regions of North America. The greatest diversity of this genus is found in the south-eastern areas of the United States, particularly in states such as Tennessee, Georgia, North Carolina, and Alabama. About half (47.42%) of all Cambarus species are either endangered, threatened, or vulnerable. Therefore, these species require special attention from a conservation standpoint. Habitat destruction and degradation are the main threats to the species of Cambarus in general. Cambarus spp. living in caves are more likely to be endangered than species of the same genus found in surface waters or semi-terrestrial habitats. For the better part, species of this genus found in more than one type of habitat tend to have a conservation status that is currently stable. Many Cambarus species have relatively small ranges, and 43.30% of all Cambarus spp. are restricted to only one U.S. state. The information available about distribution, habitat, and conservation status of the species of Cambarus is reviewed in order to raise awareness about these very diverse crayfishes, and to assist potential conservation efforts. Le genre d'ecrevisse Cambarus Erichson, 1846 contient 97 especes trouvees dans une large diversite d'habitats dulcicoles aquatiques et semi-aquatiques dans les regions orientale et centrale d'Amerique du Nord. La plus grande diversite de ce genre est trouvee dans les regions sud-orientales des Etats-Unis, en particulier dans les etats comme le Tennessee, la Georgie, la Caroline du Nord, et l'Alabama. Environ la moitie (47,42%) de toutes les especes de Cambarus sont soit en danger, soit menacees ou vulnerables. En consequence, ces especes requierent une attention particuliere du point de vue de la conservation. La destruction et la degradation de l'habitat sont les principales menaces pour les especes de Cambarus en general. Les especes de Cambarus vivant dans les grottes sont vraisemblablement plus en danger que les especes du meme genre trouvees dans les eaux de surface ou dans les habitats semi-terrestres. Habituellement, les especes de ce genre trouvees dans plus d'un type d'habitat tendent a avoir un statut de conservation qui est actuellement stable. Beaucoup d'especes de Cambarus ont des aires de repartition relativement petites, et 43,30% de tous les Cambarus sont presents dans seulement un etat des Etats-Unis. L'information disponible sur la repartition, l'habitat et le statut de conservation des especes de Cambarus est passee en revue afin de donner tous les renseignements sur ces differentes ecrevisses, et d'aider les efforts de conservation potentiels., The crayfish genus Cambarus Erichson, 1846 contains 97 species found in a wide diversity of freshwater aquatic and semi-aquatic habitats in eastern and central regions of North America. The greatest diversity of this genus is found in the south-eastern areas of the United States, particularly in states such as Tennessee, Georgia, North Carolina, and Alabama. About half (47.42%) of all Cambarus species are either endangered, threatened, or vulnerable. Therefore, these species require special attention from a conservation standpoint. Habitat destruction and degradation are the main threats to the species of Cambarus in general. Cambarus spp. living in caves are more likely to be endangered than species of the same genus found in surface waters or semi-terrestrial habitats. For the better part, species of this genus found in more than one type of habitat tend to have a conservation status that is currently stable. Many Cambarus species have relatively small ranges, and 43.30% of all Cambarus spp. are restricted to only one U.S. state. The information available about distribution, habitat, and conservation status of the species of Cambarus is reviewed in order to raise awareness about these very diverse crayfishes, and to assist potential conservation efforts. Le genre d'ecrevisse Cambarus Erichson, 1846 contient 97 especes trouvees dans une large diversite d'habitats dulcicoles aquatiques et semi-aquatiques dans les regions orientale et centrale d'Amerique du Nord. La plus grande diversite de ce genre est trouvee dans les regions sud-orientales des Etats-Unis, en particulier dans les etats comme le Tennessee, la Georgie, la Caroline du Nord, et l'Alabama. Environ la moitie (47,42%) de toutes les especes de Cambarus sont soit en danger, soit menacees ou vulnerables. En consequence, ces especes requierent une attention particuliere du point de vue de la conservation. La destruction et la degradation de l'habitat sont les principales menaces pour les especes de Cambarus en general. Les especes de Cambarus vivant dans les grottes sont vraisemblablement plus en danger que les especes du meme genre trouvees dans les eaux de surface ou dans les habitats semi-terrestres. Habituellement, les especes de ce genre trouvees dans plus d'un type d'habitat tendent a avoir un statut de conservation qui est actuellement stable. Beaucoup d'especes de Cambarus ont des aires de repartition relativement petites, et 43,30% de tous les Cambarus sont presents dans seulement un etat des Etats-Unis. L'information disponible sur la repartition, l'habitat et le statut de conservation des especes de Cambarus est passee en revue afin de donner tous les renseignements sur ces differentes ecrevisses, et d'aider les efforts de conservation potentiels.]
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".