Post-hatching ontogeny of intestinal proton-coupled folate transporter and reduced folate carrier in broiler chickens
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Folate transporters, including the reduced folate carrier and the proton-coupled folate transporter, encoded by Slc19a1 and Slc46a1 genes respectively, play important roles in the transport of folate across biological membranes given the hydrophilic nature of folates. Although a number of studies have demonstrated that these two transporters are regulated ontogenetically in mammals, little data are available on their developmental patterns of expression in poultry. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression patterns of Slc19a1 and Slc46a1 in jejunal and cecal tissue of broiler chickens during post-hatching development. Post-hatch male chicks (Ross × Ross) had free access to water and a soybean/wheat-based diet. Jejunal, cecal and blood samples were collected on day-of-hatch but before feeding (D0), and on D2, D7, D14, D21 and D35 post-hatch (n = 8 at each time point), respectively. Plasma folate concentrations were low on the day of hatch and increased with maturation; by contrast, plasma homocysteine, a marker of folate status, was highest (P < 0.05) in the day-of-hatch birds and decreased thereafter. Increasing age reduced mRNA abundance of Slc19a1 (P < 0.05) in the jejunum and cecum. Abundance of Slc46a1 mRNA (P < 0.05) gradually decreased in the cecum with increasing age and that of Slc46a1 in the jejunum initially decreased and then increased to level similar to that of day-of-hatch. The study provides some initial data on ontogenetic regulation of Slc19a1 and Slc46a1 in the jejunum and cecum of the chicken and lays the ground work for future nutritional studies. Moreover, the expression of Slc19a1 and Slc46a1 transcripts in the cecum provides evidence of the potential for cecally derived folate to contribute to the folate status of the host.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".