Removal of Boron by Surfactant Modified Zeolitic Tuff from Northeastern Greece
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Boron adsorption on surfactant modified zeolite (SMZ) was investigated, in the perspective of using SMZ for B removal from irrigation waters, since SMZ has been proven efficient adsorbent for many anions. A calcareous clinoptilolite was used and a sub-sample was treated with HCl. Then the charge of the external surface of the untreated and treated zeolite was modified and B adsorption was studied. The SMZ adsorbed B and its adsorption capacity was increased with HCl treatment and pH adjustment at the strongly alkaline range. However, in all cases the relative amounts of B removed from solution were much lower than other anions reported in the literature. In addition, B concentration in the equilibrium solution was above 3 mg L-1, which is considered a critical limit for B in irrigation waters in respect to the risk of B phytotoxicity. It was concluded that SMZ is not an effective means for B removal from irrigation waters and thus its use for B water treatment is not recommended.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".