Production of flounder (Pleuronectiformes) in eastern North America: biological issues<sup>1</sup>This review is part of a virtual symposium on current topics in aquaculture of marine fish and shellfish.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Flounders (Pleuronectiformes) from eastern North America have been extensively studied over the last few decades, and most of that work has been oriented towards different aspects related to fish production, i.e., aquaculture. However, aquaculture production has not progressed as it might have been expected. Flounders are omnivorous, euryhaline, inhabit shore habitats, and offer good potential for aquaculture diversification. They are found all along the eastern coast of Canada and the US, and different species occupy coastal habitats with some species overlapping in certain areas. Despite specific biological and ecological requirements for each species, the accumulated knowledge on breeding, larval rearing, juveniles, and stock enhancement creates a frame of reference that is often underestimated but that indicates a promising future for the production of these fishes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".