Utilization of satellite SAR imagery for mapping sand dunes in Kuwait
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effectiveness of Radarsat standard beam mode images with various incidence angles and illumination directions were investigated for their usefulness in mapping sand dunes in the Al-Huwaimiliyah mobile sand zone in NW Kuwait. The highly directional sand dunes behaved as quasi-reflectors and were observed only in the low incidence Radarsat S1 image (incidence angle 20-27.4/spl deg/). With increasing incidence angle in the Radarsat S4 (incidence angle 33.6-39.6/spl deg/) and S7 (incidence angle 44.9-49.4/spl deg/) beam modes images, the dune were not mapped at all. The dunes were also observed in the ascending mode with the Radarsat S4 image when the angle between the perpendicular to the dune trend and the radar illumination direction was 54/spl deg/. Multitemporal ERS-1/2 coherence imagery was used to map mobile sand dunes and relatively stable areas. For the Al-Huwaimiliyah sand dunes, Radarsat's low incidence angle and ascending modes images were found to be the most suitable for studying the sand dunes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".