Involvement of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 and interleukin-1 in Wallerian degeneration
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Wallerian degeneration in the CNS and PNS consists of degradation and phagocytosis of axons and their myelin sheath distal to the site of injury. This process of degeneration, which requires an effective macrophage response, occurs rapidly in peripheral nerves but is slow in the CNS. Rapid Wallerian degeneration in peripheral nerves may contribute to subsequent axonal regeneration. We show that there is a marked increase in mRNA expression of three pro-inflammatory molecules, the chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha), and the cytokine interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), in the mouse sciatic nerve but not in the spinal cord undergoing Wallerian degeneration. Neutralizing MCP-1, MIP-1alpha and IL-1beta in the lesioned sciatic nerve with function-blocking antibodies suppressed macrophage responses and myelin clearance. Injecting recombinant MCP-1, MIP-1alpha or IL-1beta into the normal, uninjured spinal cord triggered the expression of a number of chemokines and cytokines. Furthermore, injecting recombinant MCP-1/MIP-1alpha or IL-1beta into the dorsal column of the spinal cord undergoing Wallerian degeneration triggered rapid macrophage/microglial activation and myelin clearance. These findings provide direct evidence that MCP-1, MIP-1alpha and IL-1beta are important regulators of macrophage responses that lead to rapid myelin breakdown and clearance in Wallerian degeneration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".