Planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy and paleoecology of Upper Cretaceous deposits from the Palmyride Region, Syria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study represents a detailed micropalaeontological investigation of the composition and diversity of planktonic foraminiferal assemblages from the upper Turonian to Maastrichtian interval of two deep exploration wells (Al Mahr-1 and Palmyra-1) in the Palmyride area of Syria. In combination with lithostratigraphic analysis, this detailed biostratigraphic study provided important new palaeoecological and palaeoclimatic interpretations and insights into the nature of deposition along the northern passive margin of Gondwana during the Late Cretaceous. The investigated strata belong to three lithostratigraphic units (from base to top): the upper part of the Judea Formation (upper Turonian-lowermost Santonian), the Soukhne Formation (Santonian-lower Campanian), and the Shiranish Formation (upper Campanian-Maastrichtian). The results represent the fi rst detailed determination of planktonic foraminifera from the Palmyride region. The presence of rich and diverse foraminiferal associations enabled the establishment of the following nine late Turonian to Maastrichtian biostratigraphic zones, based on documented indextaxa and/or the entire microfossil assemblages: I) Biozone I; II) Biozone II; III) Biozone III; IV) Contusotruncana plummerae Zone; V) Biozone V; VI) Globotruncanella havanensis Zone; VII) Pseudoguembelina palpebra Zone; VIII) Racemiguembelina fructicosa Zone; and IX) Abathomphalus mayaroensis Zone. The late Turonian to early Campanian foraminiferal assemblages (biozones I-IV) are dominated by opportunistic taxa (r-strategists) and suggest a generally fl uctuating subtropical climate and deposition an outer shelf environments. The wellpreserved and highly diversifi ed late Campanian to Maastrichtian foraminiferal assemblages (biozones V-IX) imply the presence of a wellstratifi ed water column, tropical to subtropical climate, and deposition in outer shelf to upper bathyal envi ronments. A decrease in the number of globotruncanid species during the late Maastrichtian indicates a less stratifi ed water column and unfavourable environmental conditions for K-strategists. The common occurrence of phosphate grains in the Soukhne Formation (Santonian-lower Campanian) represents an important indicator of specifi c geological and palaeoenvironmental conditions, such as oxygen defi ciency, up welling and transgression. These conditions support the interpretation of the domination by opportunistic planktonic foraminiferal taxa (heterohelicids and muricohedbergellids) in Biozone II.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".