Seed bank size and composition of<i>Betula nana</i>,<i>Vaccinium uliginosum</i>, and<i>Campanula rotundifolia</i>habitats in Svalbard and northern Norway
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The rare thermophilous species in the arctic archipelago of Svalbard are probably relicts from previous warmer periods and may be unable to reproduce sexually under the present climatic conditions. Germination of seeds, seed banks, and vegetative sprouts were studied in one Betula nana L., one Vaccinium uliginosum L., and two Campanula rotundifolia L. habitats in Svalbard. For comparison, one islet and three alpine habitats in northern Norway were studied. In each habitat, 50 soil cores (9.6 cm 2 ) were collected and placed in a phytotron for germination tests. In Svalbard, no germinable seeds or seed bank of the three species were observed, whereas vegetative sprout densities were 83, 1060, and 211060/m 2 for B. nana, V. uliginosum, and C. rotundifolia, respectively. In northern Norway, germination percentages of the collected seeds were 59, 1027, and 1540%, seed bank densities of seedlings 212765, 21187, and 21374/m 2 , and vegetative sprouts densities 94206, 56674, and 94711/m 2 for B. nana, V. uliginosum, and C. rotundifolia, respectively. Less thermophilous plant species produced germinable seeds in Svalbard, as 12475405 seedlings/m 2 of 26 species germinated from the soil cores. In comparison, 53229626 seedlings/m 2 of 43 species germinated in soil cores from the alpine habitats and 3534 seedlings/m 2 of 26 species from the islet habitat. The results suggest that the most thermophilous species in Svalbard rarely produce germinable seeds under the present climatic conditions.Key words: arcticalpine, Betula nana, Campanula rotundifolia, seed bank, sexual reproduction, thermophily, Vaccinium uliginosum.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it