The <i>Autographa californica</i> Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus <i>ie0</i> - <i>ie1</i> Gene Complex Is Essential for Wild-Type Virus Replication, but either IE0 or IE1 Can Support Virus Growth
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The immediate-early ie0-ie1 gene complex expresses the only baculovirus spliced gene that produces an alternate protein product. Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) IE1 is a potent transcriptional transactivator that is essential for viral replication in transient assays. IE1 contains 582 amino acids that are arranged into different domains, including an acidic activation domain at the N terminus, a DNA binding domain, and an oligomerization domain at the C terminus. IE0 is a 52-amino-acid N-terminally elongated form of IE1. We investigated the functions of IE0 and IE1 in virus-infected cells by constructing the first ie1 open reading frame knockout virus. An infectious AcMNPV bacmid was used to generate the ie1 knockout, and the resulting virus, AcBacIE1KO, effectively deletes both ie0 and ie1. AcBacIE1KO does not infect Spodoptera frugiperda cells, showing that the ie0-ie1 gene complex is essential for viral infection. Rescue viruses of AcBacIE1KO were constructed that express only IE1, IE1 and IE0, or only IE0. Our results show that both IE0 and IE1 can function independently, but not equivalently, to support replication, producing infectious virus. Viruses expressing predominately, or only, IE0 produced significantly fewer cells with polyhedra than either the IE1 counterpart or wild-type virus. In addition, DNA replication was prolonged and budded virus and late gene expression were delayed. Viruses expressing only IE1 also produced fewer polyhedra, but replication was slightly faster and achieved higher levels than that of the wild-type virus. Both IE0 and IE1 are therefore required and must be expressed in the correct quantitative ratios to achieve a wild-type infection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".