Multi-Keyhole MIMO Channels: Asymptotic Analysis of Outage Capacity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Keyhole MIMO channels were predicted theoretically and also observed experimentally. However, they are not often encountered in practice since the assumption of a single propagation eigenmode is only a rough approximation of real propagation environments. To overcome this problem, the paper extends the single-keyhole channel model by introducing a "multi-keyhole channel", which includes a number of statistically independent keyholes. Correlated full-rank and rank-deficient multi-keyhole channels are considered in detail. It is shown that under some general conditions the full-rank multi-keyhole channel is asymptotically Rayleigh fading, if the number of keyholes is large. When the number of both Tx and Rx antennas is large, the asymptotic capacity of a rank-deficient multi-keyhole channel is a sum of the capacities of the equivalent single-keyhole channels. The outage capacity distribution of both full-rank and rank-deficient multi-keyhole channels is asymptotically Gaussian. Based on the asymptotic capacity analysis, full ordering scalar measure of MIMO channel correlation and power imbalance is introduced
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.015 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".