Interdecadal variability of the ENSO–North Atlantic Oscillation connection in boreal summer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Understanding the combined effect of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is of great importance for climate seasonal prediction (extreme climate events in particular). Results in this study show that during the last hundred years (1900 to present), the ENSO–NAO connection experiences a notable interdecadal change in summer (June–August) according to a 21‐year sliding correlation between them, namely, from no significant correlation (uncoupling) before the mid‐1970s to a significant correlation (coupling) after the mid‐1970s. Comparison analysis between the coupling epoch (1977–1997) and the uncoupling epoch (1958–1976) shows that the most pronounced circulation anomalies take place over the extratropical North Pacific. Further analysis and numerical experiments suggest that a poleward‐propagating Rossby wave train, possibly enhanced by sea‐surface‐temperature anomalies in the extratropical North Pacific associated with the developing phases of ENSO during the later epoch, is responsible for connecting the ENSO signal with the NAO. © 2012 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by JohnWiley & Sons Ltd.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".